Apparatus for bracing vertebrae

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for bracing a plurality of vertebrae of the human spine has at least two pedicle screws, each having an annular head with an opening therewithin and including a slot therewithin. Each slot extends into the corresponding opening and includes internal threaded portions. A securing screw to be screwed in each slot is provided. A relatively stiff threaded rod is also provided and is to be inserted into the opening in the head of each of the pedicle screws and to be secured by the securing screws. Adjusting nuts are screwed on the rod and at least one cooperates with each head.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/294,893 filed on Dec. 6, 2005 which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 10/340,118 filed on Jan. 10, 2003 which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/846,819 filed on May 1, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,537,276, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/495,261 filed Jan. 31, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,287 B1 which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/839,540, filed Apr. 14, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,110 which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/384,639, filed Feb. 6, 1995, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/025,196 filed Mar. 2, 1993, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an apparatus for bracing a plurality of vertebrae of the human spine.

Known supporting means operate with so-called lamina hooks which are disposed on a threaded rod. A compressing means is disclosed in British patent 2 131 300. A distracting means is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,382,438. The threaded rod bridges a plurality of vertebras and is not suited to act on vertebras which are disposed between the lamina hooks. Before using the supporting means a distraction or, respectively, compression has to be provided by means of an additional device.

German 90 06 646 U1 discloses an apparatus in which a lamina hook is replaced by a clamp-shaped holding member having a pair of legs of which one can be bent with respect to the other. Thereby the giapophysis of the vertebras may be used as anchoring points for the compressing and distracting apparatus.

German 88 02 112 U1 teaches a supporting device for the human spine, according to which the so-called pedicle screws are screwed in the pedicle body of the vertebras. The pedicle screws cooperate with tensioning means which bridge across one or more vertebrae to introduce forces between the vertebrae. The known device affords a primary stabilization of the vertebrae with respect to all degrees of freedom. However, when a number of vertebrae of a non-traumatic spine for example, are to be repositioned, separate means necessary to perform the reposition before the known supporting device may be effectively used.

WO 91/01691 discloses an apparatus for bracing vertebras of the human spine, comprising pedicle screws having slotted heads to receive a rod. The legs of the slotted screw heads include an outer thread on which a nut is screwed which contacts the rod to fix a predetermined position.

EP 0 443 892 discloses a similar device comprising a pedicle screw, the slotted head thereof including internal threaded portions for receiving a fixing screw which is brought into engagement with a serrated or similarly roughened rod to fix the relative position of the rod and the individual pedicle screw. A ring disposed around the head of a pedicle screw is provided so that the legs of the screw head do not spread apart while fixing the rod, as otherwise the engagement between the fixing screw and the screw head may be lost. A similar apparatus is disclosed in WO 90/09156.

Again, the devices last mentioned require separate means for repositioning, thus being suited to maintain a repositioned condition, but not suited to perform repositioning.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus which is suited to reposition the vertebrae of the human spine as well as to support the vertebrae in the repositioned position thereafter.

The objects are solved by the apparatus of the invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, the apparatus uses a threaded rod (i.e., a distracting rod) in combination with lamina hooks. The thread of the rod, however, is not only used to fix the pedicle screws, but further is used to reposition the vertebrae in that an adjusting nut sitting on the threaded rod is turned with respect to the head of the pedicle screw and thus the vertebra has obtained the desired position. By means of the apparatus according to the invention a spine portion is not only distracted or compressed, but individual vertebrae can be effectively repositioned with respect to each other. To this end the threaded rod is designed to be relatively stiff and has a diameter between 7 to 8 mm, for example. On the other hand the rod must be bent to be implanted close to the spine along a bent spine portion. This is facilitated by the design of the pedicle screw heads having slots for receiving the threaded rod. Whereas the screw in the pedicle screw head according to EP 0 443 892, for example, axially fixes the rod, the securing screw of the present invention is merely used to prevent a deflection of the rod out of the receiving slot.

After resetting, the adjusting nut must be fixed on the threaded rod. This can be obtained by means of a suitable counter-nut. Still further, it is possible, to provide the adjusting nut and the front faces of the pedicle screw head with a rotary safety means in form of a toothing or another irregularity cooperating in a clamping fashion. In both cases the nuts are merely fixed by a frictional force. According to a further embodiment of the invention, however, the head of the pedicle screw has a width smaller than the diameter of the securing screw, whereas at least one front face of the adjusting nut has a recess cooperating with the securing screw. Preferably, the adjusting nut includes a plurality of peripherally spaced indentations, wherein the final rotary position of the nut is such that the securing screw cooperates with the indentation. This affords a positive locking of the adjusting nut resulting in a precise rotary locking which cannot be loosened.

The pedicle screws must take up relatively large forces. There is the danger that a pedicle screw breaks out of the bone, primarily when the available bony substance does not provide a sufficiently rigid seat in the vertebra. According to an embodiment of the invention, a mounting strap is attached to the shaft of the pedicle screw laterally extending therefrom, which strap includes an opening for receiving a spongiose screw. The strap has, for example, a pair of openings, wherein one opening receives the shaft of the pedicle screw, while the other opening disposed at the other end of the strap, for example, receives a spongiose screw which is screwed into the vertebra. In this manner, the pedicle screw is laterally stabilized and can receive substantial forces. According to an alternate embodiment of the invention, a mounting strap may be provided to the shaft of the pedicle screw extending therefrom, which strap has a blade or the like to be mounted in the vertebra. The blade is preferably integral with the strap. The blade is beaten into the vertebra wherein the strap may additionally include a hole for receiving a spongiose screw which is screwed into the vertebra. In some cases, a vertebra is displaced with respect to the adjacent vertebra. When the pedicle screw is completely screwed in, it cannot be connected any more with the threaded rod. To accomplish a connection, the pedicle screw is partly screwed into the vertebra bone. According to an embodiment of the invention, the head of the pedicle screw is then rotatably mounted on the screw shaft so that by rotating the shaft the vertebra can be pulled up to the threaded rod for resetting. Preferably the shaft includes tool engaging faces adjacent the head to rotate the shaft of the screw in the desired manner.

In case of very specially displaced individual vertebrae, not even the features referred to above are sufficient. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the pedicle screw shaft is ball-shaped, while the pedicle screw head is defined by a ball-engaging cage including a slot for the rod. The cage can be arbitrarily positioned with respect to the shaft of the screw, but can exert a tensioning force to the screw shaft when being screwed in the vertebra. According to both embodiments just referred to, the threaded rod is inserted through a slot of the pedicle screw head, wherein a securing screw referred to several times prevents the rod from sliding out of the slot. Alternatively a closed passage may be provided in the head of the pedicle screw as it is known per se.

Instead of or in addition to the pedicle screw the apparatus of the present invention provides a hook cooperating with a lamina of a vertebra. Those lamina hooks are generally known. According to the invention, however, the lamina hook is provided with a slotted receiving portion to insert the threaded rod. The slot has threaded portions again to secure the rod in the receiving slot.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing.

FIG. 1 schematically shows an apparatus according to the invention to be used as a distracting system,

FIG. 2 schematically shows an apparatus according to the invention used as a compressing system,

FIG. 3 shows a pedicle screw for the apparatuses according to FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 4 shows the pedicle screw of FIG. 3 cooperating with a threaded rod,

FIG. 5 schematically shows a side view of a further embodiment of a pedicle screw for the apparatuses of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 6 shows a side view of the pedicle screw of FIG. 5 rotated about 90°,

FIG. 7 shows a plain view of the pedicle screw of FIG. 5,

FIG. 8 shows a side view of an adjusting nut of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 9 shows a stabilizing strap for the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIGS. 10A and 10B show a further embodiment of a stabilizing strap of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 11 shows a section of a lamina hook for the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2,

FIG. 12 shows a plain view of the hook of FIG. 11,

FIG. 13 shows a side view of a further embodiment of a pedicle screw for an apparatus according to the invention,

FIG. 14 shows a side view of the pedicle screw of FIG. 13 turned about 90°,

FIG. 15 shows a side view partly in section of a further embodiment of a pedicle screw for an apparatus according to the invention and

FIG. 16 shows a side view of the pedicle screw of FIG. 15 turned around 90°.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a bent spine portion 10 wherein the individual vertebras shall be distracted by means of a distracting system 12. The system comprises a relatively stiff threaded rod 14 having a diameter of 6 to 9 mm, preferably 7 to 8 mm. It cooperates with an individual pedicle screw 16 screwed in the vertebras. Details of the screws are shown in the following figures. The threaded rod 14 is received in slots of the pedicle screw heads 16 and a plurality of adjusting nuts 18 is disposed on the rod 14, at least one nut each for a pedicle screw 16. Stabilizing latches 20 cooperate with the pedicle screws, which latches include a hole 22 in a distance from the pedicle screw to receive a spongiose screw screwed in the vertebra. By means of the adjusting nut 18 the vertebrae of the portion 10 may be thus adjusted to accomplish a distraction.

The spine portion 30 shown in FIG. 2 comprises a compressing means including components identical with those shown in the system 12 so that identical components carry identical reference numerals. To reduce the bending of the spine portion 30 a tension force must be exerted on the vertebras to straighten the bent threaded rod 14. This is accomplished by adjusting the individual pedicle screws 16 as described in FIG. 1. In the following the components of the system referred to are described in more detail.

FIG. 3 shows a pedicle screw 16 a having a shaft 32 and an annular head 34. The head 34 includes a slot 36 in which the rod 14 is inserted. A securing screw 38 a cooperating with threaded portions in the slot 36 holds the threaded rod 14 in the slot 36. FIG. 4 shows adjusting nuts 18 a located on either side of the head 34 to displace the screw 16 a along the rod 14.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 the pedicle screw 16 b has a relatively narrow head 34 b so that the securing screw 38 b laterally projects. This is shown by the dashed line in FIG. 7. When an adjusting nut 40 according to FIG. 8 is used, which nut is provided with indentations 42 on the opposite front faces thereof, the nut 40 can be secured to the rod 14 when an indentation 42 of the screw 28 b cooperates with the adjusting nut 38 b.

FIG. 9 shows a mounting strap. The plate-shaped strap 20 includes a first hole 44 receiving the shaft of a pedicle screw. A second hole 22 receives a spongiose screw as mentioned before.

FIG. 10 shows an alternate embodiment 20 a of a stabilizing latch, again comprising a hole 44 a for a pedicle screw and a hole 22 a located substantially in the center for receiving a spongiose screw. FIG. 10 further shows a blade 46 integrally shaped on the end opposite the hole 44 a which blade is driven home in the vertebra.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a lamina hook 50 comprising a hook portion 52 and a receiving portion 54 including a slot 56. The slot 56 receives a threaded rod such as the rod 14 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Threaded portions as indicated at 58 in FIG. 11 are provided inside the slot 56 to receive a securing screw not shown to hold the rod in the slot 56. The position of the rod in the slot 56 is determined by the position of the securing screw not shown, wherein a relative position between the hook 50 and the rod is possible to a limited extent.

FIGS. 13 and 14 show a pedicle screw 16 c comprising a shaft 32 c and an annularly closed head 34 b through which a rod 14 extends. A fixing screw 60 in the head 34 b is used to fix the threaded rod 14. However, adjusting nuts may be used as mentioned before. According to the embodiment of FIGS. 13, 14, the shaft 32 c is rotatably mounted in the head 34 b. Accordingly, a circular blind bore 62 holds a ring 64 cooperating with an annular groove 66 in the shaft 32. Tool faces 68 facilitate a rotation of the shaft 32 c relative to the head 34 c when it fixedly sits on the rod 14 for example. It should be understood that the head 34 c may provide a slot as shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 for example.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 15 and 16 a pedicle screw 16 d is provided comprising a shaft 32 d which upper end is formed as a ball 70. A cage 72 cooperates with the ball, the cage further having a passage 74 to receive a threaded rod 14. Furthermore, the cage 72 has threaded portions to receive a securing screw 38 d. This allows to rotate the shaft 32, wherein tool faces 68 d are provided. Furthermore, the shaft 32 d may be pivoted relative to the cage 72 in a limited angle.

Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. 

1. A method for fixing a spinal rod to a spine comprising: obtaining a cage and a fastener in the spine having a head portion and a body portion, the cage having an interior cavity including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having an opening through which the body portion of the fastener extends, the second portion of the cage having an opening to receive a spinal rod; attaching the fastener with the cage thereon to the spine; placing the spinal rod in the opening in the second portion of the cage; inserting a locking member in the second portion of the cage after the spinal rod is placed therein; and moving the locking member towards said first portion of the cage to secure the fastener in the first cage portion by the action of said locking member on said rod and by the resultant action of said rod on said head portion.
 2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the head portion of the fastener has a curved surface.
 3. The method as set forth in claim 2, wherein the first portion of the cage has a curved seat for receiving the curved surface of the head portion of the fastener.
 4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the spinal rod directly contacts the fastener head by the action of the locking member.
 5. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second portion of the cage is threaded.
 6. The method as set forth in claim 5, wherein the locking member has a screw thread for engaging the threaded portion of the second cage portion.
 7. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the body portion of the fastener is a threaded shaft having a longitudinal axis.
 8. The method as set forth in claim 7, wherein the spinal rod extends in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of said threaded shaft.
 9. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the cage has a longitudinal axis through said opening and wherein said body portion of the fastener has a longitudinal axis wherein said locking member fixes the orientation of said fastener and the longitudinal axis of the cage by the action of the locking member on the spinal rod.
 10. The method as set forth in claim 9, wherein the locking member directly contacts said rod and said rod directly contacts the head portion to fix the longitudinal axis at said orientation.
 11. The method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the cage has a longitudinal axis extending along the first cage portion, and wherein the step of moving the locking member towards the first portion causes the locking member to act against said spinal rod by movement in a direction along said longitudinal axis.
 12. A method of securing a spinal rod to vertebral bodies of the vertebrae, comprising: introducing into a surgical operating theatre a fastener and a cage, the fastener having a head portion and a body portion, and the cage having an interior cavity and including a first portion and a second portion, the second portion having a longitudinal axis, the first portion of the cage having a seat for receiving the head portion of the fastener, the second portion of the cage having a passage to receive the spinal rod; attaching the fastener with the cage mounted thereon to a vertebral body while allowing the cage to be pivoted relative to the fastener; placing the spinal rod in the rod passage of the second portion of the cage; arranging a securing member in the second portion of the cage; and securing the assembly of the cage, fastener and spinal rod by moving the securing member along the longitudinal axis and exerting a force on the rod and from the rod to the head portion of the fastener forcing the head portion against the seat of the cage.
 13. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the head portion has a curved surface that cooperates with the seat of the cage.
 14. The method as set forth in claim 13, wherein the seat of the cage is curved for receiving the curved surface of the head portion.
 15. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the spinal rod directly contacts the head portion of the fastener as the securing member is moved.
 16. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein said second portion of the cage is threaded and the securing member is threaded for engaging the threads on the first portion of the cage.
 17. The method as set forth in claim 16, wherein the second portion is threaded on its interior.
 18. The method as set forth in claim 17, wherein the spinal rod extends in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of said threaded shaft.
 19. The method as set forth in claim 12, wherein the body of the fastener is a threaded shaft having a longitudinal axis.
 20. A method for securing a spinal rod to vertebra comprising: introducing into a surgical operating theatre a cage and a fastening member, said cage having an interior with a spinal rod receiving portion and a seat portion for receiving a part-spherical head portion of said fastener; attaching a bone engaging portion of said fastener to a vertebra with the part-spherical head portion of said fastener rotatably engaging the seat portion of the cage for angular movement of the fastener with respect to a longitudinal axis of the cage, thereafter placing the spinal rod into the spinal rod receiving portion of the cage; inserting a securing member into the spinal rod receiving portion of the cage at a location in the interior of the cage where the spinal rod is located between the securing member and the seat portion of the cage; moving the spinal rod in a direction along the longitudinal axis of the cage towards the seat portion of the cage into engagement with the head portion of the fastener member by movement of the securing member towards the seat portion of said cage.
 21. The method as set forth in claim 20 further comprising the step of positioning said cage seat portion with respect to the securing member head portion prior to moving the spinal rod into engagement with the head portion of the fastener.
 22. The method as set forth in claim 20, further comprising the step of preventing movement of said cage with respect to the securing member by the engagement of the spinal rod and the head portion of the fastener. 